Artigo de periodico

Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children? (2004)

• Authors:
  • Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves
  • Cousens, Simon Nicholas
  • Siqueira, Luiz Fernando de Góes
  • Alves, Fátima Maria
  • D'Angelo, Luiz Antônio
• Autor USP: CARDOSO, MARIA REGINA ALVES - FSP
• Unidade: FSP
• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-4-19
• Subjects: RESPIRAÇÃO RUIDOSA (ETIOLOGIA); FATORES DE RISCO; INFECÇÕES RESPIRATÓRIAS; ASMA; AGLOMERAÇÕES URBANAS; HABITAÇÃO; MODELOS EPIDEMIOLOGICOS; EXPOSIÇÃO AMBIENTAL (EFEITOS ADVERSOS); ESTUDOS DE CASOS E CONTROLES
• Language: Inglês
• Abstract: Background: To study the effects of household crowding upon the respiratory health of young children living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Case-control study with children aged from 2 to 59 months living within the boundaries of the city of São Paulo. Cases were children recruited from 5 public hospitals in central São Paulo with an acute episode of lower respiratory disease. Children were classified into the following diagnostic categories: acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, pneumonia, asthma, post-bronchiolitis wheezing and wheezing of uncertain aetiology. One control, crudely matched to each case with regard to age (<2, 2 years old or more), was selected among healthy children living in the neighborhood of the case. All buildings were surveyed for the presence of environmental contaminants, type of construction and building material. Plans of all homes, including measurements of floor area, height of walls, windows and solar orientation, was performed. Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression. Results: A total of 313 pairs of children were studied. Over 70 percent of the cases had a primary or an associated diagnosis of a wheezing illness. Compared with controls, cases tended to live in smaller houses with less adequate sewage disposal. Cases and controls were similar with respect to the number of people and the number of children under five living in the household, as well the number of people sharing the child'sbedroom. After controlling for potential confounders, no evidence of an association between number of persons sharing the child's bedroom and lower respiratory disease was identified when all cases were compared with their controls. However, when two categories of cases were distinguished (infections, asthma) and each category compared separately with their controls, crowding appeared to be associated with a 60percent reduction in the incidence of asthma but with 2 1/2-fold increase in the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that household crowding places young children at risk of acute lower respiratory infection but may protect against asthma. This result is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis
• Imprenta:
  • Publisher place: London
  • Date published: 2004
• Source:
  • Título: BioMed Central Public Health
  • ISSN: 1471-2458
  • Volume/Número/Paginação/Ano: v. 4, n. 19, p. 1-l8, 2004

Informações sobre o DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-4-19 (Fonte: oaDOI API)
• Este periódico é de acesso aberto
• Este artigo NÃO é de acesso aberto
  

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How to cite

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• ABNT

  CARDOSO, Maria Regina Alves et al. Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children?. BioMed Central Public Health, v. 4, n. 19, p. 1-l8, 2004Tradução . . Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-4-19. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2026.

• APA

  Cardoso, M. R. A., Cousens, S. N., Siqueira, L. F. de G., Alves, F. M., & D'Angelo, L. A. (2004). Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children? BioMed Central Public Health, 4( 19), 1-l8. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-19

• NLM

  Cardoso MRA, Cousens SN, Siqueira LF de G, Alves FM, D'Angelo LA. Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children? [Internet]. BioMed Central Public Health. 2004 ; 4( 19): 1-l8.[citado 2026 fev. 27 ] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-4-19

• Vancouver

  Cardoso MRA, Cousens SN, Siqueira LF de G, Alves FM, D'Angelo LA. Crowding: risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children? [Internet]. BioMed Central Public Health. 2004 ; 4( 19): 1-l8.[citado 2026 fev. 27 ] Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-4-19

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